The arthritis of the knee joint (parenting, osteoarthritia) is the deformation and destruction of the cartilage, which is accompanied by pain.This situation can lead to loss of functionality and even a disability.The disease most often affects women over 40 years of age, especially prone to completeness.At an early age, arthritis occurs due to injuries taken during sport or hard physical work.The disease can be one or bilateral if both legs are affected.It is necessary to deal with the pathology as a whole.
The reasons for the development
There are two forms of arthritis of the knee joint, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The primary form develops in childhood and is associated with the inappropriate formation of joints or joints, which are even more deformed during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Injuries | Fractures, outbursts, meniscus damage.It is these factors that contribute to the development of articulation at an early age.In the presence of injuries, it becomes impossible to bend and bend the end.The treatment consists of temporarily stabilizing the foot, which aggravates the bloodstream process.This is the reason for the formation of the article.When a meniscus is removed, diseases develop in 9 of 10 cases |
| Increased loads | Must match a person's age.With excessive loads, microtrauma and stretch appear, which are not always noticeable, but cause significant damage to the joint condition.All movements during sport must be smooth.Knee joints are more surprised during operation and squatters |
| Overweight | This factor causes meniscus damage.In complete people, knee joint recovery occurs more, as the additional load of overweight is exactly on the knees.The severe form of articulation due to obesity arises in combination with varicose veins |
| The weakness of the connection device | This situation is more often combined with so -called mobile.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit in the twine without a warm -up, leading to microtrauma, and then to arthritis, if there is more damage.Mobility of the joints can also be associated with reduced feet sensitivity, so a person does not feel pain in harm |
| Common illness | Arthritis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity occurs, leading to the destruction of tissue and articles |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If fabric disorders occur, do not receive the necessary minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency adversely affects the condition of the cartilage.This situation also leads to salt deposition |
| Stress | With constant nervous stress and mood changes, the deterioration of blood circulation occurs in the legs, edema and inflammation appear |
The disease may occur in one (right or left) or bilateral form:
- Injury is the cause of an arthritis.
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
The symptoms of knee joint articulation vary according to the stage of the disease.The classic order of their appearance is described in the table:
| Symptom | Description |
| Holding and clicking the joints | This symptom often remains unnoticed, although the crisis indicates the principle of the process.To determine its presence, you need to put your hand in the knee cup and bend slowly and leave the knee.Crunch or clicks become quite easy |
| Pain | At the beginning of degenerative changes, it is almost not noticeable and intensified after static loads (weight lifting).The dynamic load, on the other hand, improves cartilage diet.The pain is associated with the exposure of nervous disorientation when deleting cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain is intensified, as the inflammatory process and edema occur further.The development of intense inflammation is the pain that occurs even at rest |
| Transport station | This situation usually occurs after sleeping and lasts 30-60 minutes.The fibrous membrane is formed during the inertia of the joint and after sleeping it mechanically prevents its movement until it is partially deleted.The stiffness of movements that last more than an hour shows another disease |
| Reduce the range of movements | It manifests with the inability to flex the foot to the knee to the end.The patient, trying to minimize pain, tries to move his leg less.Links are adjusted to a small volume of movements over time and shortened |
| Increasing the tumor of the joint | It occurs due to swelling of soft tissues surrounding the joints and spike -shaped growth along its edge, which, with the progression of the disease, is merged into a single array |
| Joint in one position | In this case, the joint blocks a particular position and with any displacement causes pain.This is due to changes to the joint surface, in which the internal joints go beyond the natural bone windows, which leads to stretching.The joint is constant in a specific position and can return to the original can only with the reverse link of the link.In rare cases, involvement occurs due to foreign bodies (for example, meniscus parts) in the common gap |
| Dislocation and underground | These conditions are with advanced arthritis.With a dislocation, the axis of the feet shifts to the side and the insertion of the joint is quite difficult.The infertility is associated with a partial displacement of the joint surface relative to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the divergence of the lower leg towards the small |
Degree and type of illness
There are 3 degrees of diseases that depend on the severity of the symptoms.
First
The 1st degree article proceeds almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- Fatigue on the legs.
- A little bit of pain after the load that passes at rest.
- slightly reduced mobility after sleep.
- Rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of the baker's bladder.
Externally, the deformation of the joint is not noticeable.In ms, the disease is either not visible or small irregularities occur in the cartilage tissue and on the surface of the bone.Additional studies are required without failure.
The second
The symptoms in this case will be more intense:
- The pain occurs by the minimum load, but after rest it passes.
- A crisis occurs during movement.
- It is impossible to bend the foot.
- The bones of common change.
- Arthritis progresses.
- The shape of joint changes, which is associated with fluid accumulation.
In x -ray, bone growth is noticeable.
The third
For third degree articulation, the features are:
- Pain that is not related to load (the joint even disturbs at night).
- fully disturbed mobility.
- The sensitivity of the joint to change in weather.
Radiography shows changes in cartilage and joint surface.The curvature of the legs leads to a disability.
The deformation of the articulation (DOA) is caused by bone deposition.Most of the time, women with overweight suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and the joint crisis.Treatment should start even at the initial stage - in this case, the opportunity to maintain the cartilage tissue is quite high.
Depending on tracking, arthritis may be:
- knee;
- hip (coksarrosis);
- cervical;
- raw;
- Lotar?
- ankle;
- vertebrates.
Comprehensive treatment
The treatment of this disease is quite large.In medicine, there are 3 main stages of treatment depending on the degree of the disease:
| The degree of articulation | Therapeutic measures |
| 1st |
|
| 2nd |
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| 3rd |
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Drugs
Medication is based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Non -hystoidal anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Coarse Protectors.
NSAID
It is a group of drugs that have anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect.Divided into two groups:
- No -gant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug occurs in all tissues of the body, including healthy.
- Selective.It acts directly at the center of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and the erosion of the stomach and the intestine of 12-speed messages.In addition, it is recommended that you receive funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not cause such negative consequences so that they can be used for a long time.
To achieve a rapid relief from pain and anti -inflammatory effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDs are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroids
These drugs are prescribed if the effect of NSAIDs is insufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthritis are used only local - in the form of ointments or intra -business injections.Glucocorticosteroid ointments cannot be used for more than 7-10 days in a row.A longer course leads to atrophy of the skin at the place of application.
Intraarma injections are essential when painkillers and anti -inflammatory effects from NSAID and hormone ointment are not enough.
The effect of the injections on the joint occurs quite quickly: the patient feels relieved in the first half hour.The duration of injection depends on how long the drug will be in the cavity.This is influenced by two factors - the volume of the drug administered and its consumption.The stronger the damage to the cartilage, the more the drug is consumed.
Protection
The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is based on the supply of substances required to repair it to the articular cartilage.During treatment with coarse protectors:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect.
- The therapeutic effect is gradually appeared.
- It turns out that prevention is due to the prevention of further cartilage destruction.
These drugs include substances that form the cartilage of the joint:
- the construction substance of the cartilage, which is essential for maintaining its structure.
- The basis for the production of intra -articular fluid.
It is necessary to take medication for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy of articulation is a method of physical influence, which has a beneficial effect on the state of the knee joint.The main prerequisite for achieving a positive result is the right choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is only an auxiliary tool.
The table describes the procedures used to articulate the knee joint:
| Name | Result | The duration of treatment |
| Electrophoresis using drugs | Under the influence of direct electricity, some medicines can be delivered to deep joint tissue.Anestics and flora drugs are more often prescribed | Half an hour each day for 2 weeks |
| Highly | Using ultraviolet waves, the active substances of the drugs penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes daily for 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Under the influence of light radiation beam, specific molecules are activated, helping to restore metabolic and regenerative processes on the fabric | 7-10 minutes daily for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Tissue heating occurs, as a result of which substances that initiate recovery reactions to the joint | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high frequency magnetic field, changes occur in cells and tissues - the membranes are reinforced, metabolic processes normalize | Per connection - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (cold air current at -30 degrees) there is an increase in the functions of all basic systems that stimulate tissue restoration | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods, when inappropriate appointments, can aggravate the condition of the knee joint.
Surgery
The medical method of treatment aims at the maximum delay when the only way of treatment is to replace patients with artificial.Most of the time, such a decision is taken at the last stage of the articles.
The main methods of surgery are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is inserted through the puncture, which removes the growing growth of pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetic.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced by artificial.Modern intentions are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise treatment
A set of exercises for osteoarthritis helps to restore the functioning of the common and enhance it.Should be executed slowly so as not to stretch the links.
Description:
- Lying in the stomach, slowly lift the legs alternately until a right corner forms.The main emphasis is placed on the muscles of the hips and the lower leg.Stress on the back should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, lift the straight legs up, as much as possible.In this position, reduce them alternately and reproduce them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, as the trained muscles of the type are needed.It is not recommended to perform people with high blood pressure.
- Lying on the side, bend the foot below.Lift up the upper leg and remain for a few seconds at the top spot.
- Climb to the socks, holding in the back of the chair.They remain on top while stretching the leg muscles.
- Move a foot smoothly from the heel to the finger.The other leg is to perform the opposite action - from finger to heel.
- Rinse on the back of the chair and stand on the heels, raising socks up, gradually increasing time.
- Permanent, actively rub your feet in the direction from the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthritis.Power correction aims to reduce body weight, reduce inflammatory process and enhance articular structures.
The diet should be balanced, with a high content of vitamins and minerals.
Basic Principles:
- Limiting salt consumption (up to 5-8 g per day) and any salted products (canned foods, chips, salt).
- Blocking fried dishes.It is recommended to bake food by simmering, cook or steam.
- Increase in liquid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to a fractional diet.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- Fish and seafood.
- nuts;
- Sunflower, olive oil and flax.
- Low meat and chicken.
- Fresh berries and fruits.
- Vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage.
- wholemeal bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Popular methods
Before using any folk remedies, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| Ingredients | Method of applying |
| Nettle and port berries in equal quantity, honey in 1: 3 ratio |
|
| Roots, flowers or black branches of black Elderberry |
|
| Bay Leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dry mustard and honey (2 tablespoons), egg |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, kalenula, burdock in equal quantities, oil jelly |
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Articulation of the knee joint is a serious illness that cannot be fully cured.If the first symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations so as not to bring the disease to the final stage.